Friday, March 29, 2024

RFID-Based Automatic Vehicle Parking System

By Bikramjeet Waraich. He is founder and CEO of HBeonLabs, Greater Noida

Other features of the tag include

Data capacity. The capacity of data storage on a tag can vary from 16 bits to several thousand bits. Of course, the greater the storage capacity, the higher the price of the tag.

Form factor. The tag and antenna structure can come in a variety of physical form factors and can either be self-contained or embedded as part of a traditional label structure (termed as ‘smart label,’ it has the tag inside what looks like a regular bar code label).

Passive and active. Passive tags have no battery and broadcast their data only when energised by a reader. It means these must be actively polled to send information. Active tags broadcast data using their battery power. This means their read range is greater than passive tags—around 30 metres or more, versus 5 metres or less for most passive tags.

The extra capability and read range of active tags, however, come at a cost. These are several times more expensive than passive tags. Today, active tags are much more likely to be used for high-value items or fixed assets such as trailers, where the cost is minimal compared to item value and very long read ranges are required. Most traditional supply chain applications, such as the RFID-based tracking and compliance programmes emerging in the consumer goods retail chain, use the less expensive passive tags.

Frequency range

Like all wireless communications, there are a variety of frequencies or spectra through which RFID tags communicate with readers. Again, there are trade-offs among cost, performance and application requirements. For instance, low-frequency tags are cheaper than ultra-high-frequency (UHF) tags, use less power and are better able to penetrate non-metallic substances. These are ideal for scanning objects with high water content, such as fruit, at close ranges.

- Advertisement -

UHFs typically offer longer range and can transfer data faster. But these use more power and are less likely to be effective with some materials.

Electronic product code (EPC) tags. EPC is an emerging specification for RFID tags, readers and business applications. It represents a specific approach to item identification, including an emerging standard for the tags—with both the data content of the tag and open wireless communication protocols.

RF transceiver

RF transceiver is the source of RF energy used to activate and power the passive RFID tags. It may be enclosed in the same cabinet as the reader or it may be a separate piece of equipment. When provided as a separate piece of equipment, the transceiver is commonly referred to as an RF module. RF transceiver controls and modulates the radio frequencies that the antenna transmits and receives. The transceiver filters and amplifies the backscatter signal from a passive RFID tag.

- Advertisement -

How this vehicle parking system works

Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of the RFID based automatic vehicle parking system.

To get started with RFID based automatic vehicle parking system, the vehicle owner has to first register the vehicle with the parking owner and get the RFID tag. When the car has to be parked, the RFID tag is placed near the RFID reader, which is installed near the entry gate of the parking lot. As soon as the RFID tag is read by the reader, the system automatically deducts the specified amount from the RFID tag and the entry gate boomer opens to allow the car inside the parking area. At the same time, the parking counter increments by one. Similarly, the door is opened at the exit gate and the parking counter decremented.

The system also offers the facility to recharge the amount for each RFID tag. No manual processing is involved. In addition, the system provides security.

RFID based automatic vehicle parking system circuit

Fig. 5 shows the circuit of the RFID based automatic vehicle parking system. The circuit can be divided into different sections:

Fig. 5: Circuit of the automatic RFID based automatic vehicle parking system

Power supply

Connector CON1 (refer Fig. 8), diodes D1 through D4, capacitor C1, and voltage regulator ICs 7805 (IC1) and 7812 (IC2) form the power supply section of the automatic vehicle parking system. CON1 is a three-pin connector that provides 15V AC or DC power supply to the circuit. In case of 15V AC, diodes D1 through D4 form a bridge rectifier to rectify the AC supply. Capacitor C1 filters out the ripples from the rectified output. ICs 7805 and 7812 provide regulated +5V and +12V, respectively, to the circuit. +5V is used to operate the microcontroller, LCD, RFID and IR sensor circuit and +12V operates the motor.

AT89S52 microcontroller

AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8kB Flash memory. It is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin-out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer. Other features include 256 bytes of RAM, 32 input/output lines, watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timers/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.

23 COMMENTS

SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS & COMMENTS

Electronics News

Truly Innovative Tech

MOst Popular Videos

Electronics Components

Calculators