Thursday, November 21, 2024

Build a Low-Cost LPG Leakage Detector Circuit Without a Microcontroller

Introduction: A Cost-Effective Way to Detect LPG Leaks

While LPG leakage detectors are widely available, they are often costly and rely on microcontroller-based designs. Here, we present an affordable, easy-to-build LPG leakage detector that eliminates the need for expensive components. 

The primary function of this circuit is to detect LPG leaks efficiently. Figure 1 showcases the author’s working prototype.

LPG leakage detector prototype
Fig. 1: Author’s prototype
Fig-2
Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of the LPG detector
test points

Circuit and Working of the LPG Leakage Detector

Circuit diagram of the low-cost LPG detector is shown in Fig. 2. It is built around step-down transformer X1, two rectifier diodes 1N4007 (D1 and D2), a 1000µF capacitor (C1), 7805 voltage regulator (IC1), MQ-6 LPG gas sensor (GS1), dual comparator LM393 (IC2), darlington transistor TIP122 (T2), 12V high-gain siren/buzzer (PZ1) and a few other components.

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parts list

The mains supply is reduced by transformer X1, rectified by diodes D1 and D2 in a full-wave rectifier configuration, filtered by capacitor C1, and stabilized at 5V DC by voltage regulator 7805 (IC1), supplying the necessary power to the circuit

At the heart of the circuit is dual comparator IC LM393 (IC2). It is used to compare two different voltages, namely, reference voltage and MQ-6 gas sensor output voltage.

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Reference voltage at non-inverting pin 3 of IC2 is set using potentiometer VR1 to adjust voltage levels based on sensitivity requirements. LPG sensor (MQ-6) output voltage is fed to inverting pin 2 of IC2.

When the reference voltage at pin 3 of IC2 is lower than the sensor voltage at pin 2, the output goes low, indicating no LPG leakage. With low output, T1 remains cut-off and there is no current flow through the buzzer; it does not sound and remains in silence mode.

If reference voltage is greater than sensor voltage, output goes high, which means there is LPG leakage. The high output switches on transistor T1 and the buzzer rings loudly to alert the people around.

Detecting gas leaks becomes effortless with this circuit, as it leverages inexpensive components and offers adjustable sensitivity using the VR1 potentiometer to suit various environments.

Construction, Placement, and Testing of the Detector

An PCB pattern of the LPG leakage detector is shown in Fig. 3 and its component layout in Fig. 4.

Fig-3
Fig. 3: PCB pattern of the LPG detector
Fig-4
Fig. 4: Component layout of the PCB

Download PCB and component layout PDFs: click here

After assembling the circuit on a PCB, enclose it in a box with an opening for the gas to enter. Place the unit near the LPG cylinder or gas stove, within a distance of one meter. Vary preset VR1 to adjust sensitivity of the sensor.

Verify the voltages are as per test points table before using the circuit. Now, spray the gas from the bottle (as shown on the left side of author’s prototype) towards MQ-6 gas sensor and measure voltage at TP3; it should be high.

If you do not have a gas-filled bottle, place the LPG leakage detector near the gas stove burner and turn it on for a few seconds without igniting. Then, turn the burner off and adjust VR1 until buzzer sounds.


Pamarthi Kanakaraja is associate professor (R&D cell) in Usharama College of Engineering and Technology, Andhra Pradesh. He has been working in the field of embedded designing and programming concepts for the last six years.

This article was first published on 5 September 2016 and recently updated on 23 October 2024.

68 COMMENTS

  1. 6-pin Gas sensor is easily available in the market. You can directly insert the sensor into the PCB the space provided for the same. However, please note that you cannot use directly with the 4-pin gas sensor module available in the market.

    • The author Pamarthi Kanakaraja replies.
      “I checked and verified the results again. It’s perfectly ok. The circuit and components specifications are correct. There is no factual mistake in the circuit.
      If you are not getting the output, the fault can occur due to the wrong settings of variable resistors VR1 & VR2.
      1)VR1 is used as reference voltage. It must set based on MQ6 sensor output value.
      2)VR2 is used to set the sensor sensitivity.
      Also, some sensors did not work properly due to manufacturing defects. If you suspect that you may change a new sensor and give it a try again!”

  2. i want more information about this low cost LPG detector project because i want to write black book on this & i made this first time it gives output but next time it didn’t, so what should i do please tell me?

  3. I want to make a machine to detect lpg gas leak( cylinder body leak, bunk leak or valve leak) that can be installed in a coveyor and check every lpg filled cylinder online before it is passed to the sealing process. Hey anybody can help me in this project?

  4. Thanks for your interest in our circuit! The problem could be related to power supply in the circuit. First check that you are getting the voltages as given in the test point table in the article. A filter capacitor is connected across the secondary of the 12V-0-12V, center tapped transformer. The voltage across the capacitor will be more than 12V because it will tend to charge to the peak of the AC waveform. So you will get somewhere around 16V at TP1.

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