Thursday, November 21, 2024

Garden Solar Light

Many homes come with backyard gardens or open spaces, and adding a garden light can make these areas usable at night. But traditional lighting setups often come with wiring hassles, which can get in the way of movement and disturb the plants.

A better solution? Solar garden lights. They offer bright illumination without the need for complex wiring or a connection to the grid. Plus, they help lower your electricity bill while keeping your garden eco-friendly and hassle-free.

Solar Light Circuit

Circuit diagram of the solar garden light is shown in Fig. 1. It is built around a solar lamp controller IC CL0116 (IC1), a miniature solar cell, a bright white LED (LED1) and a few other components.

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Circuit diagram of solar garden light
Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of solar garden light

This circuit requires only a single Ni-Cd rechargeable battery to light up the white LED for more than five hours depending upon the ampere-hour (Ah) capacity of the battery.

When sunlight falls on the solar cell during daytime, the solar cell charges the rechargeable battery and turns LED1 ‘off.’ When no light falls on the solar cell during nighttime, the IC draws power from the battery and provides constant current to light up LED1. Since the solar cell acts as a light sensor, there is no need of a photo-transistor or light-dependent resistor for automatic switching of the LED in the dark.

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Lamp controller

IC CL0116 lamp controller is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in which solar charging and LED driving sections are integrated on the chip. It requires only an external inductor to construct a boost power supply with over 90 per cent efficiency. It offers the advantages of low power dissipation, low minimum operating voltage and automatic dusk-to-dawn switching.

IC CL0116 is available in TO-94 package and its overall circuit can be enclosed in a matchbox. There is no need of an external current-limiting resistor for the LED because the LED driver circuit is integrated in the controller IC.

The IC operates off 0.8V to 3.0V. The voltage on SBAT pin should not go beyond 3.0V. For better protection, connect a 2.7V zener diode between SBAT pin and ground to maintain 2.7V if the solar cell voltage goes above 2.7V.

Solar cell

A 1.5V, 100mA solar cell is sufficient to charge the battery and light the LED. It can be mono-crystalline or polycrystalline. The nominal current of the solar cell should not be more than 800mA. For better performance, use a solar cell with nominal current below 400mA.

Construction and Testing

A PCB layout for the garden solar light is shown in Fig. 2 and its components layout in Fig. 3.

PCB layout of garden solar light
Fig. 2: PCB layout of garden solar light

 

Components layout for the PCB
Fig. 3: Components layout for the PCB

Download PCB and component layout PDFs: click here

Assemble the circuit, together with the LED, on the PCB. Use a wire length of not more than 5cm to connect LED1 to the IC. A readymade inductor can be used for the circuit. For better performance and efficiency, use a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of inductor for the circuit. The circuit can fit in an old torchlight enclosure with appropriate modifications.

Fix connector CON1 and LED1 on the front, and CON2 at the top of the enclosure to connect the solar cell.

parts list

Conclusion

Solar garden lights offer an efficient, eco-friendly solution for illuminating outdoor spaces. By integrating components like solar cells, lamps, and controllers, these systems provide reliable lighting. They not only reduce electricity costs but also promote sustainability, making them an ideal choice for modern gardens. With easy installation and minimal maintenance, solar lights are a practical, long-term investment for anyone looking to enhance their outdoor living areas.

EFY notes

1. Battery capacity of 600mAh to 1000mAh is large enough for this circuit.
2. In place of CL0116, you can use QX5252F, ANA608 or YX8018.


This article was first published on 21 November 2017 and recently updated on 22 October 2024

15 COMMENTS

  1. For my Solar Garden light I took the NiCd battery out of an old razor. I used a four volt fifty mili-amp solar panel. And I used a small one watt light emitting diode. I used a cheap used ham salad bowl for the enclosure. Though I should have put another inductor on it. Two large inductors in parallel reduce inductance. I poked a hole though the lid and ran the wires though of the solar panel. I attached the panel with a hot hot glue gun. Then I used more glue to attach the large battery to the center of the lid by the wires. I glued the circuit on top of the cell with hot glue as well. I wired everything up. Glued the wires down and it worked good. The battery was a 1500ma hour at 1.2v. And the circuit was form a dollar light. The panel was bought from a science surplus mag years ago. But you can find at least 2v at about 400ma on amazon or other sites.

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