Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a DNA-based NanoGripper that detects and blocks viruses, offering extra ordinary applications in diagnostics, prevention, and targeted therapies.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), USA have created an innovative nanorobotic hand called the ‘NanoGripper’ using a single strand of DNA. This groundbreaking tool is designed to detect and inhibit viruses, including Covid-19, with remarkable precision. Beyond diagnostics, it offers potential applications in preventive medicine and targeted therapies.
The Nano tool, inspired by the structure of human hands and bird claws, features four bendable fingers connected to a palm. Its unique design enables it to capture viruses by folding DNA into precise nanoscale configurations. “We wanted to create a nanoscale robot capable of grabbing molecules, cells, or viruses for biomedical applications,” said Xing Wang, professor and lead researcher, UIUC. The design employs DNA for its strength, flexibility, and programmability, enabling unprecedented control over movement and functionality.
Its target audience spans medical researchers, diagnostic laboratories, and pharmaceutical developers. For instance, the tool’s rapid virus detection can aid healthcare professionals in managing outbreaks efficiently. Pharmaceutical companies could use its programmable features for delivering precise cancer treatments or creating preventive nasal sprays for respiratory viruses.
One of its key features is the inclusion of DNA aptamers on the fingers, which target specific molecules. Initially, it was programmed to bind to the spike protein of the Covid-19 virus. This interaction triggers the fingers to wrap securely around the virus. Furthermore, this tool can attach to surfaces, making it a versatile tool for biosensing and drug delivery.
The team collaborated with Brian Cunningham, professor, UIUC to integrate the tool with a photonic crystal sensor. This innovation allows for the direct detection of intact viruses within 30 minutes. Unlike traditional qPCR tests, which are time-consuming, this method combines high sensitivity with rapid results. “When the NanoGripper captures a virus, fluorescent signals are amplified, making detection both fast and accurate,” Cunningham explained.
Apart from detection, the tool shows promise in preventing infections. In laboratory tests, it effectively blocked Covid-19 viruses from entering cells by binding to viral spike proteins. Future applications could include anti-viral nasal sprays, particularly for respiratory infections. Researchers are optimistic about extending this technology to other viruses like influenza and HIV or for delivering targeted cancer treatments. “The potential applications are immense,” Wang noted, highlighting the sensitivity and versatility of soft nanorobotics in medical science.
This ideal work marks a significant step forward in virus detection and treatment strategies.
