Researchers from the Polytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University, China have developed breath-based nanosensors to detect lung cancer by identifying subtle chemical changes.
A research team from the Polytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University, China have developed a pioneering nanosensor technology capable of detecting lung cancer in its early stages by analysing subtle changes in breath chemistry. The research reveals that these nanoflake sensors, built from indium oxide with platinum and nickel enhancements, detect changes in isoprene which is a potential lung cancer biomarker at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels. This sensor technology represents a significant step forward for non-invasive cancer diagnostics, with the potential to improve early detection.
During respiration, the human body releases a mix of gases, including carbon dioxide, water vapour, and various organic compounds. In individuals with lung cancer, scientists have identified that the level of exhaled isoprene, a specific compound, decreases notably. Detecting such small-scale chemical shifts in a humid breath environment has traditionally posed a challenge. However, with the introduction of these nanoflake sensors, detecting even minimal variations in isoprene concentrations becomes feasible, making early screening possible.
Past research in gas sensors has shown that metal oxides, like indium oxide, could be tuned for various applications. The innovative research led by Pingwei Liu and Qingyue Wang, research professor, Institute of Zhejiang University, advances the concept by creating an indium (III) oxide nanoflake sensor coated with platinum (Pt) and nickel (Ni). This specific configuration, known as ‘Pt@InNiOx’ which demonstrates an exceptional ability to isolate and identify isoprene at low concentrations, achieving a threshold sensitivity of 2 ppb which is significantly higher than earlier models.
Notably, the Pt@InNiOx sensors showed strong selectivity for isoprene, responding less to other common breath components. The unique distribution of platinum nanoclusters on the indium oxide nanoflakes was found to catalyse the isoprene detection process effectively.
To evaluate real-world potential, the researchers integrated the sensors into a portable device for breath analysis. Testing on breath samples from 13 individuals, including five with lung cancer, demonstrated clear differentiation: those with cancer had isoprene levels below 40 ppb, compared to over 60 ppb in individuals without cancer. These results underscore the feasibility of using these nanosensors in clinical settings to provide an efficient, non-invasive option for early lung cancer detection, potentially improving patient outcomes by facilitating earlier intervention.
These innovative capabilities are likely to attract healthcare providers and diagnostics companies aiming to improve early-stage screening for high-risk individuals.
